Kristen Koester, M.D.

A profile completeness & documented-activity index — NOT a quality, outcomes, or patient-satisfaction rating.

• Registry tenure28% of score

  19 yrs in NPPES registry

• Profile completeness28% of score

  100% of core fields populated

• Practice footprint17% of score

  1 documented practice location

• Medicare service volume (vs. specialty peers)28% of score

  2,630 Medicare services, 2024 (ranked within specialty)

Medicare volume is ranked against active providers in the same specialty. Signals a provider has no public data for (e.g. Medicare claims) are left out of the score entirely — never counted as zero — so providers without that data are not penalized. See the full formula and weights in our methodology.