Laura Davis Keppen, MD

A profile completeness & documented-activity index — NOT a quality, outcomes, or patient-satisfaction rating.

• Registry tenure33% of score

  20 yrs in NPPES registry

• Profile completeness33% of score

  100% of core fields populated

• Practice footprint20% of score

  1 documented practice location

• Open Payments transparency13% of score

  Has Open Payments disclosures (2024)

Signals a provider has no public data for (e.g. Medicare claims) are left out of the score entirely — never counted as zero — so providers without that data are not penalized. See the full formula and weights in our methodology.