Kathleen Koehler, MD

A profile completeness & documented-activity index — NOT a quality, outcomes, or patient-satisfaction rating.

• Registry tenure25% of score

  20 yrs in NPPES registry

• Profile completeness25% of score

  100% of core fields populated

• Practice footprint15% of score

  1 documented practice location

• Medicare service volume (vs. specialty peers)25% of score

  3,077 Medicare services, 2024 (ranked within specialty)

• Open Payments transparency10% of score

  Has Open Payments disclosures (2024)

Medicare volume is ranked against active providers in the same specialty. Signals a provider has no public data for (e.g. Medicare claims) are left out of the score entirely — never counted as zero — so providers without that data are not penalized. See the full formula and weights in our .